What’s happened: Two Israelis, an elderly couple in their 70’s, were killed in an Iranian missile attack on Ramat Gan overnight. The couple were at home during the attack, but did not manage to make it to the safe room in their apartment in time. The missile fired at central Israel contained a cluster munition, which splits into multiple small explosives distributed over a broad area. Its use over an urban area, targeting civilians is a war crime.

• An Israeli air strike eliminated Irans’s Supreme National Security Council Secretary Ali Larijani, who had been functioning as Iran’s de facto wartime leader. He was killed in a strike on a safe house in a suburb of Tehran.
• At the same time, a separate attack targeted a meeting of top commanders of the notorious Basij, the regime’s internal security force largely responsible for the massacre of tens of thousands of Iranian protesters in January. This strike eliminated at least ten senior Basij commanders, including the force’s top commander Gholamreza Reza Soleimani and his deputy, Rasem Qureishi.
• A later strike targeted Iran’s intelligence minister, Esmaeil Khatib. This morning, Israel’s Defence Minister Katz announced that Khatib, whose ministry supported global terrorism as well brutal domestic repression, was eliminated. 
• Hezbollah launched another massive barrage of rockets on northern Israel last night, similar to the one it launched six days before. Like the March 11 attacks, this one involved about 200 rockets, many of which fell short and landed in Lebanon.
• Unlike on March 11, this time the Israeli Home Front Command did not wait until just one hour before to share with the public that an attack was planned. The attacks caused some limited damage but no injuries or deaths in Israel.
• In Gaza, an Israeli air strike killed Yahya Abu Labda, a commander in Hamas’s supply and logistics department who was responsible for advancing Hamas’ “precision missile project,” according the the IDF Spokesperson.

Context: Whilst the targeted eliminations at the beginning of the war demonstrated impressive intelligence penetration, it also relied on the element of surprise. The strikes against the top brass of the Iranian security apparatus yesterday and overnight show the dynamic capability of Israeli intelligence to be able to locate high value targets, even when they know they are being targeted.

• Israeli analysts have noted that the elimination of Ali Larijani may be even more significant than that of the Supreme Leader, as it was Larijani that was a more hands on decision maker and more central both to the war and the repression of Iranian protestors.  
• Israeli officials hold out two metrics for assessing damage to the IRGC in general and the Basij in particular. First, they look to see whether command and control is disrupted. Second, they look for defections.
• On the first measure there appears to be broad success. Giving orders and responding to tactical developments is becoming increasingly impossible for Iranian armed forces of all kinds.
• On the second measure, nothing has moved yet. No prominent defections have been recorded. No senior officials have sought refuge in neighbouring countries. And despite scattered media reports which may themselves be psychological warfare, there are no significant incidents of forces abandoning post or laying down arms.
• A report in The Guardian yesterday suggests that the UK national security adviser Jonathan Powell had attended some of the indirect talks conducted between the US and Iran before the war began on February 28. However, according to Bloomberg, Downing Street has denied that Powell was present at the negotiations.
• The Guardian report aimed to present the Iranian position as moderate, compromising, and “surprisingly” reasonable. However, even the most generous interpretation of the last Iranian offer would have left it with nuclear capabilities far beyond any of the red lines set by the Americans.
• Moreover, the Iranian offer contained nothing regarding the other issues which the US had put down as priorities for any kind of deal: the missile programme, Iran’s network of regional proxies, and its repression of anti-regime protests in January.
• The bit of The Guardian which made the biggest splash (and was used to promote it on social media) was a quote, initially attributed to Powell, that US negotiators Jared Kushner and Steve Witkoff were “Israeli assets that dragged a president into a war he wants to get out of.” A corrected version of the article removed that attribution and instead attributed the quote to an unnamed diplomat from a Gulf country, the attribution the quote retains in a longer subsequent article the Guardian ran today, which once more prominently featured this assessment of the US negotiators.
• Regardless of the provenance of the quote, this description of Witkoff and Kushner is ironic from an Israeli perspective as throughout the entire lead up to the war, officials in Jerusalem regarded the two as the biggest obstacles to a firmer US line on Iran. Leaks from Israeli officials routinely derided both as desperate to reach a deal, even an inadequate one, with Tehran, while most Israelis were finding a more receptive opening with Secretaries Rubio and Hegseth.
• At the same time, both Kushner and Witkoff are Jewish. That a Gulf official would see two senior US officials who happen to be Jewish as “Israeli assets” driving America to a war it does’t want isn’t terribly surprising. That officials in Whitehall or editors at the Guardian see this not as a window into the prevailing views in the Arab world but rather as a deep revelation about what happened behind the scenes is, to say the least, a cause for concern.
• Insinuations about nefarious influence weren’t limited to the British left yesterday. A senior aide to Tulsi Gabbard, President Trump’s controversial Director of National Intelligence, Joe Kent resigned from the Trump Administration yesterday over his opposition to the war in Iran.
• Joe Kent’s appointment to the position last year was met with a great deal of opposition following his close associations with an assortment of neo-Nazis, white supremacists, and other far-right figures. His resignation letter, like the Guardian’s reporting, alleged that the United States were fighting the war in Iran for Israel and not for US interests.
• It further insinuated that both the war in Iraq two decade ago as well as the allied campaign against ISIS in the last decade — in which his wife, a naval intelligence officer, was killed — were both caused by Israel.
• In fact, Israel played no part in the Iraq War in 2003, and Israeli Prime Minister was later revealed to have privately warned the US against the war for fear that it might strengthen Iran. The campaign against ISIS too did not involve Israel in any way. At many points, in fact, Israel’s opposition to pro-Iranian forces in both Iraq and Syria led many commentators to (falsely) accuse Israel of supporting ISIS, making Kent’s accusation not just a lie, but a deeply ironic one.

Looking ahead: Despite a large call-up of reserves and frequent pronouncements by senior Israeli officials about an imminent ground operation in southern Lebanon, there has been so significant movement of the IDF across the border.

• In the background, several countries, including France among others, have floated proposals for negotiations between Jerusalem and Beirut for an agreement that would prevent an expanded war.
• It is unclear if any of these initiatives might lead to serious negotiations, and they are treated, in public at least, with great scepticism. At the same time, the large military offensive that was expected already last week has not been launched. Defence Minister Katz also alluded to more “significant surprises” to come.

What’s happened: The IDF announced this morning that it has expanded its ground operations in southern Lebanon.

• Three divisions are now operating in southern Lebanon, with more expected to join them. The IDF says it has struck about 1,000 Hezbollah targets since the start of the war, and has eliminated around 400 Hezbollah operatives.
• The IDF continues to carry out a large-scale attacks against Iranian regime infrastructure targets in Tehran and other parts of the country. On Sunday, the IDF struck 200 targets across western and central Iran. The focus continues to be the further degrading of ballistic missiles array and other military targets.  
• IDF Spokesperson Brig. Gen. Defrin told the Israeli public, “Our achievements are greater than we expected. The opening strike was very successful and consequently, so are our other attacks that have hit the Iranian regime. And we are intensifying the blow. Every day, the achievement increases and intensifies. And as a result, this is destabilising this regime. That is the reality. We are ahead of schedule.”
• Despite a relative decrease in Iranian attacks over the weekend, missile fire from Iran was resumed Sunday night. Air raid sirens were activated twice in Beer Sheva and its environs, in the Dead Sea area and in the Gaza periphery. No casualties were reported.
• In parallel Hezbollah continues its more intensive but short range attacks against northern Israel.  
• Kan News reported that at the end of last week, Hamas secretly sent a letter to the new Iranian leader, Mojtaba Khamenei, and urged him to launch an uncompromising multi-theatre war. Hamas further committed not relinquish its arms, and called to activate all the theatres of the axis of resistance, including Lebanon, Yemen and Iraq, to exact a price from Israel. Hamas also fiercely attacked the Persian Gulf states that seek to establish normalised relations with Israel and said that the normalisation camp was a losing camp.

Context: As the war enters its third week, both US and Israeli officials sound upbeat at the military  achievements to date.

• The  tight US – Israel  military cooperation continues with a  clear division of labour. Each military is carrying out their attacks in different strike zones, but with a shared intelligence target bank. Each sides has senior liaison officers in each other’s headquarters whilst a special intelligence team operates in Israel, feeds targets in real time to both militaries.  
• According to the IDF Military Intelligence Directorate, the Israel Air Force has so far destroyed 100 Iranian anti-aircraft batteries and another 120 radars, providing it with absolute air superiority. Seventy percent of Iran’s missile launchers have been either destroyed, decommissioned or buried out of reach inside tunnels.
• Military intelligence now assesses that Iran’s missile production has dropped to zero, but ongoing attacks are needed to prevent the Iranians from trying to resume production. Moreover, the volume of missile fire on Israel needs to be reduced further.
• Rumours circulated over the weekend that the IDF is running out of interceptor missiles, based on a  report on the US website Semafor, that claimed Israel informed the US that it suffers from a severe shortage in missiles used to intercept ballistic missiles. This led the IDF to issue a statement, “As of now, there is no interceptor shortage. The IDF prepared for prolonged combat. We are continuously monitoring the situation.” In addition it was cleared for publication that Israel’s cabinet approved allocating NIS 2.6 billion (£626m) for further purchases for the war.
• There are initial signs of diplomatic efforts to bring the war to an end.  Most significantly regarding Lebanon. Former Minister Dermer is once more serving as an envoy for the Prime Minister. Over the weekend he visited Saudi Arabia to discuss a peace initiative between Israel and Lebanon for after the fighting is over. One initiative aims to turn Hezbollah into a political movement without any military capabilities. The Lebanese government, the White House and the French are all party to the talks.
• President Trump warned NATO could face a “very bad future” if US allies refused to help secure the Strait of Hormuz. Trump said countries that benefit from the shipping lane should contribute forces, including minesweepers and personnel to counter “bad actors” along Iran’s coast. “If there’s no response or if it’s a negative response I think it will be very bad for the future of NATO.”
• In response, the UK is working alongside allies on plan to reopen Strait of Hormuz as announced this morning by Keir Starmer. 
• The fear of rising energy prices from the closure of the Straits  – where 20% of the world’s oil passes – has led to an agreement by over 30 nations in Europe, North America and Northeast Asia to flood the market with 400 million barrels of oil. The US is leading the effort with a release of 172 million barrels from its Strategic Petroleum Reserve.
• Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Kuwait and the UAE export approximately 14 million barrels per day. Approximately 5 million barrels per day can be exported using Saudi and UAE pipelines that end at the Red Sea and Gulf of Oman. The remaining 9 million barrels per day constitutes about 10% of global supply and can only pass through the Strait.
• The closure of Hormuz provides strategic leverage to Iran. If Israel and the US prove unable to force the re-opening of the Straits, it will show Iran to be a regional hegemon which will provide it with leverage over the Gulf Countries and others.
• Against the backdrop of this challenge, over the weekend, Trump announced that the US had “executed one of the most powerful bombing raids in the History of the Middle East, and totally obliterated every MILITARY target in Iran’s crown jewel, Kharg Island.” Trump added that the oil infrastructure on the island was not destroyed but warned that “should Iran, or anyone else, do anything to interfere with the Free and Safe Passage of Ships through the Strait of Hormuz, I will immediately reconsider this decision.”

Looking ahead: Two more IDF divisions are expected to join operations in southern Lebanon in the next few days.

• European Union foreign ministers will discuss a potential ⁠widening of ⁠the EU Aspides naval mission to the Strait of Hormuz. The report in the Financial Times suggested that an EU-UN joint naval mission to ensure ⁠safe passage “seems more likely” than EU countries approaching ⁠Iran bilaterally.
• Israel and the US have approved operational plans for the next three weeks. The plan is to destroy all of the Iranian regime’s components and capabilities.

What’s happened: A massive coordinated barrage of rocket and missile fire on northern Israel was carried out by Hezbollah and Iran yesterday evening, marking a significant escalation in the Lebanese front of the war, which opened on March 2 with a much smaller Hezbollah attack on northern Israel.

• 200 Hezbollah rockets were fired on northern Israel, with a smaller barrage from Iran also hitting Israel’s north at the exact same time. Interceptions were carried out by Iron Dome, as the new laser-based Iron Beam interceptor is not yet operational.
• In the hours prior to the attack, rumours circulated in Israel of an impending escalation without specific details. As the hour approached, Home Front Command urged all Israelis in the country’s north to remain close to shelters. Most of the projectiles were intercepted or landed in open fields. Two Israelis were lightly injured in the attack.
• Following the coordinated attack on northern Israel, the IDF launched a massive airstrike on Lebanon, focusing on Hezbollah strongholds such as the Dahiya quarter of Beirut. The IDF reported destroying ten different Hezbollah command posts and dozens of rocket launchers.
• Lebanese authorities report that since the fighting began last week 700,000 people have been displaced. Official death tolls list 439 men, 45 women, and 86 children, without any breakdown of combatants and non-combatants.
• The destruction of Iranian air defences has opened the skies of Iran to further attacks on regime targets, while the volume of Iranian missile fire on Israel continues to decline.Israeli aircraft struck regime targets throughout the day yesterday, including the headquarters of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), the IRGC air force command centre, the IRGC military academy, and various sites connected to the Basij militia that is notorious for its human rights breaches and crackdown against January’s mass protests that killed tens of thousands.
• Unnamed US sources were quoted in Israeli media saying that Iran was running out of missile launchers, and that within days it would cease to be able to mount significant missile attacks on its neighbours. Air strikes on the regime-affiliated bank meant that it was unable to pay salaries to civil servants or the military, something US officials believe will hasten the regime’s collapse. The American assessment is that the IRGC and the Basij have sustained thousands of casualties, that their bases and headquarters are all largely destroyed, and that communications between unit commanders and forces in the field is partial at best.
• Prime Minister Netanyahu and Finance Minister Smotrich announced yesterday that they were putting the controversial bill which would formalise draft exemptions for the Haredi public on hold in order to retool the 2026 budget bill and pass it by the mandatory deadline of March 31. According to Israeli law, if no budget is passed by that date, parliament is automatically dissolved and a snap election is called.  The Government is now calling for an across-the-board cut of 3% in all ministries to pay for the war.

Looking ahead: Two major strategic dilemmas lurk for Israeli and American decision makers as the war continues.

• In Lebanon, Israel has to decide whether to  broaden its strikes beyond narrow Hezbollah targets. It is keen for Lebanon to feel the pressure of the ceasefire violations, and this is crucial for any future deterrence as well. On the other hand, recent pronouncements from Beirut hold open the possibility that Lebanon may finally be serious about reining Hezbollah in itself and possibly even negotiating a peace deal with Israel, something Israel would be reluctant to sabotage if indeed it is a real possibility.
• The issue of Iran’s stockpile of highly enriched uranium (HEU) has not gone away, though its current whereabouts and status are shrouded in mystery since the US bombing in on the Fordow facility last June in Operation Midnight Hammer. Media reports indicate that both the US and Israel have drawn up plans for a potential ground operation using special forces at the site. Removing the HEU was a key demand of the US in the unsuccessful round of negotiations that preceded the outbreak of hostiles on February 28.

What’s happened: President Trump indicated he was ready to end the war on Iran sooner rather than later. “It’s going to be ended soon,” he told reporters in Florida, “and if it starts up again they’ll be hit even harder.”

• Trump’s comments had an immediate effect on commodity prices, notably causing a rapid fall in oil prices, which had risen dramatically the day before. But the pace of attacks on Iran, and Iranian missile fire on Israel, did not materially change.
• Prime Minister Netanyahu, for his part, also made comments that indicated that Israel does not intend to continue fighting this war until the Iranian regime completely collapses. “Our aspiration is to bring the Iranian people to throw off the yoke of tyranny,” he said during a visit late last night to the National Health Emergency Operations Center. “Ultimately it depends on them. But there is no doubt that through the actions taken so far we are breaking their bones — and our arm is still outstretched.”
• Two more civilians were killed in Israel yesterday from Iranian missiles. Both were constructions workers on site in the central city of Yehud, not far from Ben Gurion Airport.
• The name of the second of two soldiers killed in combat in Lebanon was released yesterday. Or Demry, 20, from Liman, near the northern border, was killed along with Maher Khatar 38. Khatar is the first IDF fatality from the Golan Druze community. Unlike Druze from inside Israel’s pre-1967 borders, Golan Druze almost never served in the IDF until very recently.
• Hezbollah too launched a barrage of rockets on central Israel yesterday. One missile hit the city centre of Ramleh, injuring 16.
• Following on Israel’s threat last week that Iranian regime officials in Lebanon who did not immediately leave the country would become targets, the IDF launched a targeted strikes on one hotel room in the Ramada Hotel in Beirut’s upscale Raouché district. The strike eliminated  five senior members of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps, all of whom were involved in financing and directing terrorist operations among Iran’s Lebanese and Palestinian clients. Ten other people were injured in the strike. At least 150 Iranian nationals are known to have left Lebanon since Israel issued the unusual threat last week.
• Meanwhile, the Israel Air Force continued its offensive operations over Iran. IAF airplanes struck the IRGC’s Quds Force Command Centre in Tehran, as well as a missile production and storage site in Isfahan. Airstrikes also disabled at least six Iranian airfields and destroyed the IRGC’s headquarters for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).
• Trump administration envoys Jared Kushner and Steve Witkoff were due to arrive in Israel today, but their visit has been cancelled. It had been intended to discuss strategic coordination between Washington and Jerusalem over the Iran war and, in particular, to focus on reactions among US allies in the Gulf.

Context: As the IDF continues its offensive operations in Lebanon in response to Hezbollah rocket and drone fire, potentially dramatic diplomatic developments are afoot.

• Lebanese President Joseph Aoun lashed out at Hezbollah in comments yesterday to European officials, saying “Whoever launched those missiles wanted to bring about the collapse of the Lebanese state, plunging it into aggression and chaos… all for the sake of the Iranian regime’s calculation.” He proposed a four-point plan to end the war that would include “establishing a full truce” with Israel and direct negotiations.
• Reports in US media indicated that Aoun was even open to the possibility of negotiating a full peace agreement with Israel, though both US and Israeli officials were reported to be sceptical about the seriousness of the proposal.
• Israeli commentators focused on the strategic dilemma Israel finds itself in at this point in the conflict on its northern border. On the one hand, military achievements from both the 2024 war with Hezbollah and the current fighting have pushed Lebanon into making diplomatic overtures that have been an Israeli wish for decades. If there is a genuine option for concluding the state of war that has been in place for nearly eight decades with Lebanon, there is every reason to pursue it.
• On the other hand, diplomatic and military conditions are ripe for an offensive which could land a deadly and unrecoverable blow on Hezbollah, weakened by the 2024, cut off from its Syrian land bridge, and nearly abandoned by its Iranian patron now deep in survival mode in the face of a massive US-Israeli barrage. To step back from this once-in-a-generation opportunity for the IDF to destroy its most tenacious regional enemy might not be a risk worth taking.
• Avi Issacharoff writes in Yediot Ahronot, “What Israel must understand above all about Hezbollah is precisely what Israel has failed to understand about Hamas all these years, including after October 7: This is an extremist religious organisation that will not hesitate to use any means at its disposal to hurt the other side. They are not afraid of suffering a large number of casualties or damage to real estate, as Hezbollah sustained in Israeli air strikes on the Dahiya Quarter. This is an organisation that has sent hundreds of people to their deaths fighting in Syria in order to save an Alawite tyrant [then president Bashar al-Assad] because that is what Iran ordered it to do. This organisation will do everything it can to cause Lebanon to go up in flames, if only in order to rekindle the broad support [it once enjoyed] in that country. Hezbollah was the side party that invented suicide terrorism in the Middle East, and it does not appear that disarming the group and handing it to one Lebanese government or another will be a simple matter of Israeli bombings from the air.”
• Since Hezbollah joined the war on March 2, most of its rocket fire in this war has been aimed at northern Israel. For Israeli residents, the difference between attacks from Lebanon and Iran is in the lead time to seek shelter: Alerts are sounded when Iranian missile fire is detected, usually five minutes before the sirens that indicate 90 seconds to impact. This gives most people enough time to seek a hardened shelter. With rocket fire from Lebanon, there is no alert, just the siren that gives 90 seconds. For anyone not near a hardened shelter, this is just enough to find a stairwell or some windowless room to seek shelter.
• The weapon that has been a leading source of concern for the Israeli home front was the cluster munitions affixed to Iranian ballistic missiles. These work by releasing a cluster of two dozen or so submunitions from a missile warhead about 10km above the ground, which then disperse over a wide area. They are designed to be used over large military targets, such as airfields, and their use over cities in the manner that Iran has used them in both this war and the Twelve Day War last June is illegal under international law.

What’s happened: The IDF and the US armed forces have kept up relentless strikes against the Iranian regime and military targets.

• In the last 24 hours, more than 140 targets of the Iranian regime were bombed using more than 900 munitions.  IDF Spokesperson Defrin said last night that the air force headquarters of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps had been destroyed.  The headquarters had been used to fire missiles and drones at the Israeli home front and at the Persian Gulf states.
• On Sunday, the IDF eliminated Abu al-Qassem Baba’iyan in Tehran. Baba’iyan was only recently appointed as the Head of the Military Office of the Supreme Leader and the Chief of Staff of the emergency command of Headquarters. Baba’iyan was appointed after his predecessor, Ali Shadmani, was eliminated during Operation Rising Lion in June 2024.
• Israel also targeted Iranian fuel storage facilities in Tehran on Saturday. This was the first reported attacks on Iran’s oil infrastructure since the start of the war. The IDF said the fuel was used for their missiles programme and to support their military and was therefore a legitimate target.
• Iran meanwhile continues to fire missiles at Israel and overnight, air raid sirens were triggered in the centre of the country, the south, and the coastal region.  Some of the missiles were intercepted and the others fell in uninhabited areas. There are reports this morning of six missiles hitting Tel Aviv area with two reportedly killed. Meanwhile, communities in the north remain under frequent rocket and drone attacks from Hezbollah.
• The IDF has also continued its offensive again Hezbollah targets. This morning it carried out several waves of strikes on Hezbollah targets in Beirut’s Dahiya neighbourhood. Lebanese media also reported an Israeli strike in southern Lebanon.
• Also over the weekend, the Israeli Navy conducted a precision strike that eliminated five senior commanders in the IRGC Quds Force’s Lebanon Corps, while they were meeting at a hotel in Beirut.
• Two IDF soldiers were killed on the Lebanese border yesterday. Sgt. Maj. Maher Khatar, 38, was laid to rest last night in Majdal Shams. The name of the second soldier has not yet been released. Prime Minister Netanyahu eulogised Maher as, “a brave fighter from the Druze community, [who] served as an example and inspiration to the youth of Majdal Shams who enlist in the ranks of the IDF, a growing trend in recent years that serves as an expression of the eternal covenant between us.”
• Over the past week, in Lebanon, the IDF revealed that it, “struck over 600 terror targets across Lebanon from the air, sea, and ground, with some 820 munitions. During the strikes, more than 190 terrorists were eliminated, including the terrorist Abu Hamza Rami, the Commander of Islamic Jihad in Lebanon with the equivalent rank of Major General, two commanders at the equivalent rank of colonel, and three battalion commanders in the terrorist organisation. In addition, 27 waves of strikes were conducted in the Beirut region, including five in the Dahiya area.”
• Iranian attacks on the Gulf states continued on Sunday, despite President Pezeshkian’s pledge on Saturday to halt them. This may suggest a rift between the political leadership and the IRGC, which is responsible for most military operations. The attacks are now targeting oil refineries and desalination plants that are vital to the economy and daily life in the Gulf states.

Context: Ten days into the campaign, the US and Israel continue their division of labour with systematic strikes on Iran’s military and industrial capabilities.

• In the context of the war’s second phase (following the first phase of decapitation and establishing air superiority across most of Iran), the Israeli and US Air Forces are expanding the scope of their operations to increase the damage on Iran’s military, industrial and technological infrastructure. This includes strikes on IRGC headquarters, IRGC Air Force command centres, Basij and internal security headquarters.
• An IDF general is quoted in Yediot Ahronot saying, “We can’t miss this opportunity. We mustn’t take our foot off the gas pedal until this regime collapses—neither we nor the United States. This is an opportunity that we won’t get again.”
• From Israel’s perspective, one of the primary objectives remains the elimination of Iran’s ballistic missile arsenal. According to military estimates, Iran began the war with approximately 460 missile launchers and now has only about 150 left. Military officials describe creating ‘bottlenecks’ in the Iranian ability to launch heavy barrages, but they do retain some capabilities. Overall Iran has so far launched around 250 ballistic missiles towards Israel. Israel had anticipated around 150 a day.
• 13 people have been killed in Israel  as a result of the Iranian strikes, with several more severely injured, including the fatalities from this morning. 
• Overall, Iran has so far launched a total of around 830 ballistic missiles and over 1,300 drones across the region. On the first day, Iran launched around 350 ballistic missiles and nearly 300 drones.  Over the weekend, this had fallen to roughly 15–30 missiles a day.
• The apparent appointment of Mojtaba Khamenei, the son of the late Supreme Leader is being interpreted as a sign of ongoing Iranian belligerence. Israel’s Defence Minister Katz has stated that any successor would be considered a target. A more conciliatory candidate could have posed more of a dilemma, particularly for some US officials who have expressed a desire to reach a surrender agreement with a more pragmatic leadership.

Looking ahead: At present, the IDF is preparing for a war that could last several weeks.

• Israeli military leaders recognise that the war will last as long as President Trump decides. Trump has suggested a military campaign would last about four weeks.
• Israeli officials are conscious that as successful as their military action may be, it will ultimately also require action by the Iranian public in order to topple the regime.
• In the US, there is speculation that Trump is considering sending in special forces in order to seize the stockpile of Iran’s approximate 450 kg of enriched uranium that remained following the June 2025 war.